Do job and personal resources predict work ability 10 years later?  Yes, job and personal resources DO predict workability 10 years later! Moreover, it seems that work engagement plays an important role in this connection. Using a two-wave 10-year longitudinal design, the examined the motivational process proposed by the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model was studied. More specifically, the aim was to examine whether work engagement acts as a mediator between job resources (i.e., supervisory relations, interpersonal relations, and task resources) and personal resources (self-esteem) on the one hand and future work ability on the other. The second aim was to investigate the mediating role of work engagement between past work ability and future work ability. Structural equation modelling was used to test the mediation hypotheses among Finnish firefighters (n = 403). As hypothesized, work engagement at T2 fully mediated the impact of job and personal resources at T1 on work ability at T2. In addition, the effect of work ability at T1 on work ability at T2 was partially mediated by engagement at T2. These results reveal that job and personal resources may have long-term effects on work engagement, and consequently on work ability, thus expanding on the propositions of the JD-R model. Moreover, our results show dual role of work ability both as a health-related resource that may foster engagement and as an outcome driven by the motivational process proposed by the JD-R model (read more).