This systematic review examined how student burnout and student engagement are related to academic performance and dropout intentions among university students. Across 14 independent samples, the pattern was remarkably consistent: burnout was associated with poorer academic performance and stronger dropout intentions, whereas engagement was associated with better academic performance. Interestingly, engagement showed no consistent direct relationship with dropout intentions, although it may buffer the impact of burnout on intentions to quit.

An important caveat is that all included studies were cross-sectional, making causal conclusions impossible. Stronger longitudinal research and better theory are needed to understand how burnout and engagement affect academic success.

For universities, the practical message is nevertheless clear: prevent student burnout and create conditions that foster student engagement (download full paper).